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  一、代詞

  (四)關系代詞

  1. 含義：

  主從句中引導從句的關系代詞，起到連接主從句作用，并作一定的句子成分。

  2. 用法：

  (1)who指代人，作主語。

  例如：

  Tom is a student who studies SAT.(who指代主句的a student，在從句中作主語。)

  (2)whose指代人，意思是“誰的”，相當于形容詞，后加名詞一起作主語。

  例如：

  There are two books. Whose book is this?(whose+book作從句的主語。)

  (3)whom指代人，作賓語。

  例如：

  The company hired two graduates, both of whom are from China.(both of whom指代graduates，whom在介詞of之后，在從句中作賓語。)

  (4)which指代物，作主語。

  例如：

  Qingdao is the place which has issued a red rainstorm warning.(which指代主句的the place，在從句中作主語。)

  (5)that指代人或物，作主語或賓語。

  例如：

  Mary bought a hat that is fashionable.(that指代主句的a hat，在從句中作主語)

  真題檢測

  真題檢測1

  (2021-03AS-Q29) Changes in air temperature caused wind pattern to shift, that shift in turn triggered a process known as upwelling.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. this

  C. which

  D. DELETE the underlined portion.

  解析：通過that等選項看出是關系代詞的考點，根據(jù)which指代物和that前不加逗號的規(guī)則，同時this和DELETE選項句子結構不完整。所以排除A/B/D三個選項，所以選C。

  注：2021-03AS-Q29為2021年3月亞太真題29題。

  真題檢測2

  (2016-05NA-Q4) The plastic harden quickly, it allows the printer to build the layers of the final model

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. this

  C. which

  D. that

  解析：通過that等選項看出是關系代詞的考點，根據(jù)which指代物和that前不加逗號的規(guī)則，同時this和it選項句子結構不完整。所以排除A/B/D三個選項，所以選C。

  注：2016-05NA-Q4為2015年5月北美真題4題。

  真題檢測3

  (2016-05NA-Q14) These political machines were able to pack legislatures and courts with hand-picked supporters by purchasing votes, a form of election fraud involving the exchange of money or favors for votes.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. votes, being

  C. votes, that is

  D. votes, which it is

  解析：通過that等選項看出是關系代詞的考點，原文逗號后面內容為解釋說明購票的這種行為，所以無需加任何修飾。B項being表述啰嗦，C項that前不能加逗號，而D項的it多余，所以排除B/C/D三個選項，所以選A。

  注：2016-05NA-Q14為2015年5月北美真題14題。

  真題檢測4

  (2016-11AS-Q13) Contrary to the traditional view of evolution, holding that evolution stops in an unchanging environment, Lenski had predicted that the bacteria would evolve, or mutate, over time.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. which holds

  C. this holds

  D. it holds

  解析：通過that等選項看出是關系代詞的考點，holding that evolution插入語部分是修飾traditional view of evolution，所以用定語從句更為合適，A項holding語法上可以是Lenski發(fā)出，句意錯誤;C和D項是run-on錯誤(即逗號不能單獨連接兩個獨立句)，所以排除A/C/D三個選項，所以選B。

  注：2016-11AS-Q13為2016年11月亞太真題13題。

  真題檢測5

  (2017-01NA-Q16) The lion dance requires the strength, grace, and coordination of two dancers, both of whom are almost completely hidden by the elaborate bamboo and papier-mache lion costume that they maneuver.

  A. NO CHANGE

  B. it

  C. these

  D. that

  解析：通過that等選項看出是關系代詞的考點，both of whom指代two dancers，所以用定語從句更為合適，B項的it、C項的these和D項的that都是run-on錯誤，所以排除B/C/D三個選項，所以選A。

  注：2017-01NA-Q16為2017年1月北美真題16題。

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