新航道

  上海新航道培訓(xùn)學(xué)校小編給考生們帶來(lái)了雅思閱讀真題素材之艾爾弗雷德·諾貝爾(Alfred Nobel)的一生原文及譯文，希望備考雅思考試的同學(xué)們一定要認(rèn)真的看題、做題，多做練習(xí)，才能掌握相應(yīng)的答題經(jīng)驗(yàn)及技巧，預(yù)祝各位考生都取得理想的成績(jī)。

  Alfred Nobel,the Swedish inventor and industrialist，was a man of many contrasts.He was the son of abankrupt，but became a millionaire;a scientist with alove ofliterature,an industrialist who managed to remain an idealist.He made a fortune but lived a very simple life，and although cheerful in company he was often sad in private.A lover of mankind， he never had a wife or family to love him;a patriotic son of his native land，he died alone on foreign soil.He invented a new explosive，dynamite，to improve the peacetime industries of mining and road building，but saw it was used as a weapon of war to kill and injure his fellow men.During his useful life he often felt he was useless:“Alfred Nobel，”he once wrote of himself，“ought to have been put to death by a kind doctor as soon as，with a cry，he entered life.”World-famous for his works he was never personally well known，for throughout his life he avoided publicity.“I do not see,” he once said，“that I have deserved any fame and I have no taste for it，”but since his death his name has brought fame and glory to others.

  瑞典發(fā)明家、實(shí)業(yè)家艾爾弗雷德·諾貝爾是一個(gè)集多種對(duì)立現(xiàn)象于一身的人。他是破產(chǎn)者的兒子，日后卻成了百萬(wàn)富翁;他是科學(xué)家，卻愛(ài)好文學(xué);他是個(gè)始終保持理想主義者本色的實(shí)業(yè)家。他發(fā)了大財(cái)，生活卻很簡(jiǎn)樸;與人相處時(shí)他笑逐顏開(kāi)，獨(dú)處時(shí)卻常常郁郁寡歡。他熱愛(ài)人類，卻從未享受過(guò)擁有妻室與子女的天倫之樂(lè)。他熱愛(ài)祖國(guó)，卻客死異國(guó)。為了發(fā)展和平時(shí)期的采礦業(yè)和筑路業(yè)，他發(fā)明了一種新型炸藥———甘油炸藥，卻親眼目睹此發(fā)明被用作殘殺、傷害人類的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)武器。在他頗有建樹(shù)的一生中，他常常覺(jué)得自己渺小無(wú)用。“艾爾弗雷德·諾貝爾，”他曾這樣寫(xiě)到自己，“本該在呱呱墜地之時(shí)就讓一位好心的醫(yī)生給弄死。”他雖因自己的發(fā)明而聞名全球，但其個(gè)人生活世人向來(lái)知之甚少，因?yàn)樗吷急苊鈷侇^露面。“我真不明白自己何以徒有虛名，”他這么說(shuō)過(guò)，“我對(duì)虛名不感興趣。”可是在他死后，他的名字卻給別人帶來(lái)名聲與榮耀。

  He was born in Stockholm on October 21，1833but moved to Russia with his parents in 1842，where his father，Immanuel，made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry.Immanuel Nobel invented the landmine and made a lot of money from government orders for it during the Crimean War，but went bankrupt soon after.Most of the family returned to Sweden in 1859，where Alfred rejoined them in 1863，beginning his own study of explosives in his father's laboratory.He had never been to school or university but had studied privately.And by the time he was twenty，he was a skillful chemist and excellent linguist， speaking Swedish，Russian，German， French and English.Like his father，Alfred Nobelwas imaginative and inventive，but he had better luck in business and showed more financialsense.He was quick to see industrial openings for his scientificinventions and built up over 80companies in 20different coun- tries.Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities ofan original scientist with those of a forward-looking industrialist.

  艾爾弗雷德·諾貝爾1833年10月21日生于斯德哥爾摩，1842年隨父母移居俄國(guó)，他父親依梅紐爾在俄國(guó)的工程界創(chuàng)立了穩(wěn)固的地位。依梅紐爾·諾貝爾發(fā)明了地雷，并在克里米亞戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間從政府的大量定貨中賺了一大筆錢，可惜好景不長(zhǎng)，很快便遭破產(chǎn)。1859年，大部分家人返回瑞典，艾爾弗雷德則于1863年與家人團(tuán)聚，并在父親的實(shí)驗(yàn)室里開(kāi)始研制炸藥。他從未上過(guò)學(xué)，全靠自學(xué)成才，20歲時(shí)便成了一名技術(shù)嫻熟的化學(xué)師，通曉數(shù)國(guó)語(yǔ)言，能熟練地說(shuō)瑞典語(yǔ)、俄語(yǔ)、德語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)。像父親一樣，艾爾弗雷德·諾貝爾有著豐富的想象力和創(chuàng)造力，但他在事業(yè)上卻比他父親走得遠(yuǎn)，也更有經(jīng)濟(jì)頭腦。他不失時(shí)機(jī)地把自己的科學(xué)發(fā)明運(yùn)用到工業(yè)上，在 20個(gè)國(guó)家內(nèi)開(kāi)設(shè)了80多家公司。他的過(guò)人之處實(shí)際上就在于他有杰出的才能，把一個(gè)具有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的科學(xué)家和一個(gè)具有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓識(shí)的實(shí)業(yè)家的品質(zhì)融為一體。

  But Nobel's main concern was never with making money or even with making scientific discoveries.Seldom happy，he was always searching for a meaning to life，and from his youth had taken aserious interest in literature and philosophy.Perhaps he could not find ordinary human love—he never married—he came to care deeply about the whole of mankind.He was always generous to the poor：“I'd rather take care of the stomachs of the living than the glory of the dead in the form ofstone materials，”he once said.His greatest wish，however，was to see an end to wars，and thus peace betweennations，and he spent much time and money working for this cause untilhis death in Italy in 1896.His famous will，in which he left money to provide prizesfor outstanding work in Physics，Chemistry，Physiology，Medicine， Literature and Peace，is a memorial to his interests and ideals.And so，the man who felt he should have died at birth is remembered and respected long after his death.

  但諾貝爾主要關(guān)注的既不是賺錢，也不是探求科學(xué)上的發(fā)現(xiàn)。他郁郁寡歡，總在探索人生的意義，從青年時(shí)代起便對(duì)文學(xué)和哲學(xué)產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣。或許是因?yàn)樗覍げ坏狡胀ㄈ说臍g愛(ài)———他終生未娶———便逐漸對(duì)全體人類產(chǎn)生深情的關(guān)切。他對(duì)窮人向來(lái)慷慨大度。“我寧肯關(guān)心生者的饑腸，而不愿為死者樹(shù)碑立傳。”他曾經(jīng)這么說(shuō)過(guò)。然而他最大的愿望是期盼戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)不再，國(guó)與國(guó)之間從而能永享和平。他為此而投入了大量的時(shí)間和財(cái)力，直到1896年在意大利去世。他在遺囑中將錢留出來(lái)，為在物理、化學(xué)、生理學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)和文學(xué)以及和平事業(yè)方面作出杰出成就的人提供獎(jiǎng)金，他的這一著名遺囑是他多種興趣與理想的紀(jì)念碑。就這樣，一個(gè)覺(jué)得自己出生時(shí)就該死去的人，死后很久仍然得到人們的緬懷與崇敬。

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