很多雅思考生為了提高雅思閱讀分數，做了很多題目，但成效不大，這時可以想想是不是備考書籍選擇不當造成，建議考生們多多看劍橋雅思真題。今天，上海新航道雅思小編給大家帶來了劍6Test4雅思閱讀Passage2原文翻譯-Do literate women make better mothers，希望可以幫助廣大雅思考生輕松備考雅思。

  劍6Test4雅思閱讀Passage2原文翻譯-Do literate women make better mothers

  Do literate women make better mothers

  受過教育的婦女會是更好的母親嗎

  Children in developing countries are healthier and more likely to survive past the age of five when their mothers can read and write. Experts in public health accepted this idea decades ago, but until now no one has been able to show that a woman’s ability to read in itself improves her children’s chances of survival.

  在發展中國家，如果母親有讀寫能力，孩子會更健康，更易活過五歲。雖然公共健康方面的專家數十年前就已經接受了這一觀點，但是迄今為止，還沒有人能夠證明婦女自身的閱讀能力能增大其子女的存活幾率。

  Most literate women learnt to read in primary school, and the fact that a woman has had an education may simply indicate her family’s wealth or that it values its children more highly. Now a long-term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor adult women, who would otherwise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children’s health and survival.

  大部分受過教育的婦女在小學期間學會閱讀。女性受到教育這一事實可能僅僅顯示出其家庭比較富裕或者家庭更為看重子女。在尼加拉瓜進行的一項長期研究消除了這些因素。在這項研究中，研究人員教會貧困的成年婦女閱讀，如果沒有這一研究，她們將維持原來不能閱讀的狀態。這項研究的結果表明婦女閱讀能力的提高對其孩子的健康和生存有直接影響。

  In 1979, the government of Nicaragua established a number of social programmes, including a National Literacy Crusade. By 1985, about 300,000 illiterate adults from all over the country, many of whom had never attended primary school, had learnt how to read, write and use numbers.

  在1979年，尼加拉瓜政府開展了包括全國掃盲運動在內的許多社會活動。到1985年，全國有30萬的文盲人口學會了閱讀、寫字和使用數字，這其中有許多人從來沒上過小學。

  During this period, researchers from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, the Central American Institute of Health in Nicaragua, the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua and the Costa Rican Institute of Health interviewed nearly 3,000 women, some of whom had learnt to read as children, some during the literacy crusade and some who had never learnt at all. The women were asked how many children they had given birth to and how many of them had died in infancy. The research teams also examined the surviving children to find out how well-nourished they were.

  在這期間，來自利物浦熱帶醫學學院、尼加拉瓜中美洲衛生研究院、尼加拉瓜國立自治大學和哥斯達黎加衛生研究院的研究人員訪問了大約3000位婦女，其中一些在孩童時期學會了閱讀，一些在全國掃盲運動時學會閱讀，還有一些完全不會閱讀。這些婦女被問及生了幾個孩子以及孩子在嬰兒時期的死亡數量。研究小組同時也調查了存活的孩子，以了解他們的健康程度。

  The investigators’ findings were striking. In the late 1970s, the infant mortality rate for the children of illiterate mothers was around 110 deaths per thousand live births. At this point in their lives, those mothers who later went on to learn to read had a similar level of child mortality (105/1000). For women educated in primary school, however, the infant mortality rate was significantly lower, at 80 per thousand.

  研究者的發現令人吃驚。在20世紀70年代末期，文盲母親的嬰兒死亡率約為1000個嬰兒中有110個死 亡。那些后來才學習閱讀的母親也有相同的嬰兒死亡率(105/1000)。然而對于那些在小學期間接受教育的女性而言，嬰兒死亡率相對大幅降低，為80/1000。

  In 1985, after the National Literacy Crusade had ended, the infant mortality figures for those who remained illiterate and for those educated in primary school remained more or less unchanged. For those women who learnt to read through the campaign, the infant mortality rate was 84 per thousand, an impressive 21 points lower than for those women who were still illiterate. The children of the newly-literate mothers were also better nourished than those of women who could not read.

  在1985年，全國掃盲運動結束后，仍舊不識字和小學期間接受教育的母親的嬰兒死亡率幾乎沒有什么改變。而那些在這場運動中學會閱讀的女性，其嬰兒死亡率為84/1000，比仍然不識字的母親的嬰兒死亡率整整低了21點。剛剛學會識字的母親的孩子也比不能閱讀的母親的孩子更健康一些。

  Why are the children of literate mothers better off According to Peter Sandiford of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, no one knows for certain. Child health was not on the curriculum during the women’s lessons, so he and his colleagues are looking at other factors. They are working with the same group of 3,000 women, to try to find out whether reading mothers make better use of hospitals and clinics, opt for smaller families, exert more control at home, learn modern childcare techniques more quickly, or whether they merely have more respect for themselves and their children.

  為什么有文化的母親孩子的境況要好一些呢利物浦熱帶醫學院彼得桑德福德認為，沒有人知道確切的原因。兒童健康并不在母親學習期間的課程之內，因此，他和他的同事正在尋找其他的原因。他們仍然在同一組3000位婦女中進行研究，希望發現識字的母親是否能更好地利用醫院和診所，選擇小家庭，在家庭中的管理更多一些，能更快地學習現代兒童護理技巧，或者她們只是對自己和孩子有更多的尊重

  The Nicaraguan study may have important implications for governments and aid agencies that need to know where to direct their resources. Sandiford says that there is increasing evidence that female education, at any age, is ‘an important health intervention in its own right’. The results of the study lend support to the World Bank’s recommendation that education budgets in developing countries should be increased, not just to help their economies, but also to improve child health.

  尼加拉瓜的研究也許能給政府和救助中心在如何分配其資源方面提供重要的提示信息。桑德福徳說，目前越來越多的證據表明，女性教育，在任何年齡階段，都是“對健康非常重要的影響因素”。這項研究的結果支持了世界銀行對于發展中國家增加教育預算的建議，這不僅能幫助發展中國家發展經濟，同時也能提高孩子的健康水平。

  ‘We’ve known for a long time that maternal education is important,’ says John Cleland of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. ‘But we thought that even if we started educating girls today, we’d have to wait a generation for the pay-off. The Nicaraguan study suggests we may be able to bypass that.’

  “我們很久以來就知道女性教育是很重要的”，倫敦衛生及熱帶醫學學院的約翰克里蘭說，“但是我們原以為即便從現在開始對女孩進行教育，其成果也需要等一代人之后才能看到。而尼加拉瓜的研究表明我們也許能夠避開這種模式。”

  Cleland warns that the Nicaraguan crusade was special in many ways, and similar campaigns elsewhere might not work as well. It is notoriously difficult to teach adults skills that do not have an immediate impact on their everyday lives, and many literacy campaigns in other countries have been much less successful. ‘The crusade was part of a larger effort to bring a better life to the people,’ says Cleland. Replicating these conditions in other countries will be a major challenge for development workers.

  克里蘭提醒說，尼加拉瓜運動在很多方而是很特別的，同樣的運動在其他地方也許就不如其有效。教授成人對他們的日常生活沒有直接影響的技能是極其困難的。在其他國家的很多掃盲運動遠遠不如尼加拉瓜運動這么成功。克里蘭說： “這一運動是給人們帶來更好的生活的更大努力的一部分”。在其他國家創造相同的這些條件對于發展工作者而言是一個很大的挑戰。

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