新航道小編為了幫助各位烤鴨全面掌握語法知識，更好地備戰雅思考試!每周會更新關于雅思語法問題，希望對各位備考雅思考試有所幫助。本期帶來了3分鐘就能學會的雅思語法(第7期)：用抽象名詞回指和下指，突破銜接的局限(上)。

  從前期專欄，我們了解了什么是抽象名詞，抽象名詞在閱讀中如何體現

  戳 【3分鐘就能學會的雅思語法（第3期）：你真的理解抽象名詞嗎？ 】

  抽象名詞既具備高度概括性，那么也可以在寫作中照應語篇，也就是作為cohesive devices之一：reference

  示例一：同形回指

  It is important for children to learn the difference between right and wrong at an early age. Punishment is necessary to help them learn the difference between right and wrong at an early age. (改自C10)

  重復處：the difference between right and wrong at an early age

  思考：直接用抽象名詞difference，也可換用同義詞distinction

  加入抽象名詞后：... Punishment is necessary to help them learn this distinction.

  示例二：同形回指

  One important stage in a child’s growth is certainly the development of conscience, which is linked to the ability to tell right from wrong. ? comes with time and good parenting, … (改自C10)

  思考：用什么抽象名詞回指?回指哪部分?

  加入抽象名詞后：… This skill comes with time and good parenting, …

  示例三：概述回指

  Once the age of reason is reached however, a child can be rewarded for good behavior and discouraged from bad. ? will achieve more than harsh punishment, which might entail many negative consequences unintended by the parents. (改自C10)

  思考：用什么抽象名詞回指?回指哪部分?

  選一個抽象名詞照應上一句：… This kind but firm approach will achieve more than harsh punishment, …

  示例四：概述回指

  There are, however, some disadvantages. Primary school teachers are generalists, and may not have the necessary language skills themselves. If specialists have to be brought in to deliver these sessions, the flexibility referred to above is diminished. If primary language teaching is not standardised, secondary schools could be faced with a greater variety of levels in different language within their intake, resulting in a classroom experience which undoes the earlier gains. There is no advantage if enthusiastic primary pupils become demotivated as soon as they change schools, However, ? can be addressed strategically within the policy adopted. (改自C9)

  思考：用什么抽象名詞可以回指前文所有內容?

  加入抽象名詞后：… However, these issues can be addressed strategically within the policy adopted.

  總結

  用抽象名詞照應上文時，通常都要帶上this, that, these, those, such等，具備極強的銜接式前指性噢~

  有同學會問：用抽象名詞回指照應語篇我理解了，那下指呢?不慌，我們下期再見!