2017年上半年考情分析

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  【 閱 讀 】

  2017年1月開始到目前為止一共出現了17場考試，其中1月份共2場考試分別是1月7日和1月14日，2月份共3場考試分別是2月18日，2月25日和2月26日，3月份共3場考試分別是3月4日，3月11日和3月25日，4月份共2場考試分別是4月1日，4月15日和4月23日，5月份共4場考試分別是5月6日，5月13日，5月20日和5月27日，6月份共2場考試6月3日和6月10日(6月25日暫不包括，因為寫這篇文章的時候該場考試還未出現)。

  在涯叔教了這么多年并對近3年的托福閱讀考試數據整理分析后發現，2017年應該是 ETS 嘗試在考試套路上做些改變的一年，涯叔相信在這一年之后的考試依舊會延續這些改變，希望各位考生多關注。

  2017 托福閱讀套路變化

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  第一個改變

  常規閱讀考試在變得越來越少，所謂常規閱讀考試指考生去參加考試只遇到3篇閱讀，不考慮閱讀加試(即考生遇到4篇文章)或閱讀 A/B 卷(即考生在同一次考試遇到2套卷子)。

  涯叔發現1-6月17場考試中只有3場為常規考試，分別是1月7日，2月25日和2月26日。

  第二個改變

  閱讀 A/B 卷的次數變得越來越少，按照趨勢應該會被多套題的出題形式完全取代(實際上這個趨勢正在進行)。

  涯叔發現1-6月17場考試只出現了3次考試，分別是1月14日，2月18日和4月1日。其實按照以往的數據顯示，一般差不多每3個月出現1次A/B卷，然而在今年1月14日和2月18日連著2場考試都是A/B卷，之后除了4月1日其他考試日基本就沒出現A/B卷了。

  第三個改變

  閱讀出現 A/B/C/D 卷已然成為常態(每套題的難度會出現不一致的情況，至少會出現 A/B/C 3套卷子，至多會出現 A/B/C/D/E 5套卷子)。

  3月4日這場考試應該是史上最強的托福閱讀考試，在這一次考試中我們看到 ETS 放出來共17篇文章，也就是說共放出來5套題外加2篇加試文章，你肯定以為這是一場假的托福閱讀考試，當我看到的時候我也驚呆了，也正是這場考試為整個3月包括之后考試定下了基調并改變涯叔研究了好久的托福閱讀考試規律。

  我們發現緊接著3月11日，3月25日，4月15日，4月23日，5月6日，5月13日和6月3日都出現了4套題目，其中5月20日和6月10日出現了5套題目(其中6月10日出現罕見的大面積延遲考試)，5月27日出現了3套卷子(該場考試大部分學生反饋題目偏簡單)。

  第四個改變

  閱讀出現多套題(大于等于2套題)的時候大概率(可能接近80%)都會被加試，這個加試概率正在跟聽力保持接近的狀態(中國考區聽力被加試的概率就在80%附近)。

  常規閱讀考試，閱讀加試或閱讀遇到 A/B 卷，考生只可能2選1，但是3月4日，3月11日，3月25日，4月1日，4月15日，4月23日，5月6日，5月13日，5月20日，5月27日，6月3日和6月10日共12場考試的數據顯示，考生在一次考試中大概率既會遇到加試又遇會到多套題，這里需要指出的是4月1日是 A/B 卷但是出現了加試。

  托福閱讀題型解析

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  當然盡管托福閱讀考試有以上4個改變，涯叔發現托福閱讀考試考查的十大題型是相對穩定的基本沒有太大的變化，比如詞匯題和細節題依舊占據了閱讀考試的半壁江山大約50%附近，句子簡化題，插句題，選非題，修辭題，推理題和歸總題占據了剩余的50%，指代題和表格題很少出現基本可以忽略。

  考慮到詞匯題和細節題在這個考試當中的重要性，接下來我們來重點看一下實戰中如何處理詞匯題和細節題，首先我們來看一下詞匯題。

  詞匯題

  第一類：常見簡單詞匯，直接秒殺

  The most crucial effect of climate was on the sheer quantity of land available in each period, measurable by studying ancient coastlines.

  1. The word crucial in the passage is closest in meaning to (TPO49-1)

  A Interesting

  B Important

  C Established

  D Understood

  分析：crucial 表示“關鍵的，重要的”，選B.

  Raised beaches often consist of areas of sand, pebbles, or dunes, sometimes containing seashells or piles of debris comprising shells and bones of marine animals used by humans.

  2. The word comprising in the passage 4 is closest in meaning to(TPO49-1)

  A Taken from

  B Made up of

  C Suggesting

  D Covering

  分析：comprising 來自于comprise，comprise 表示組成，選B.

  第二類：少見較難詞匯

  聯系上下文(大概率能做對)

  Raised beaches are remnants of former coastlines at higher levels relative to the present shoreline and visible, for instance, along the Californian coast north of San Francisco.

  3. The word remnants in the passage is closest meaning to(TPO49-1)

  A Remains

  B Regions

  C Points

  D Origins

  分析：remnants 所在這句子前半部分表示“上升海灘其實是之前海岸線的X”，A表示遺骸(放進文中說明 raised beaches 是 former coastlines 的遺骸，感覺蠻對)，B表示區域(放進文中感覺好像可以，但是如果說 raised beaches 是 former coastlines 的區域，會給人一種感覺 raised beaches 其實就是 former coastline ，時間上判斷由于兩者出現的順序有先后，兩者應該不能等同，B可能是錯的)，C表示點( raised beaches 范圍上比 points 應該要大，排除)，D表示起源(時間上來講， former coastline 應該先于 raised beaches 出現，排除)，選A(選可能性最高)。

  第三類：帶詞根詞綴的詞

  嘗試用詞根詞綴解題(需積累詞根詞綴)

  Falls in sea level often exposed a number of important land bridges, such as those linking Alaska to northeast Asia and Britain to northwest Europe, a phenomenon with far-reaching effects not only on human colonization of the globe but also on the environment as a whole-the flora and fauna of isolated or insular areas were radically and often irreversibly affected.

  4. By indicating that flora and fauna of isolated or insular areas were often irreversibly affected by the changes due to the Ice Age, the author means that the flora and fauna were(TPO49-1)

  A Unable to return to their previous conditions.

  B In a constant state of change.

  C Completely destroyed by human colonization

  D Unevenly distributed across the area.

  分析：irreversibly=ir(不)+re(反復)+vers(旋轉)+ibly(副詞)=不可反復旋轉地=不可逆轉地，affected 表示影響，選A.

  講完詞匯題，我們來看一下如何處理細節題。

  細節題

  第一類：簡單的可通過題干關鍵定位的

  直接定位解決(往往通過定位信息就能解題)

  The assessment of past rises and falls in sea level requires study of submerged land surfaces off the coast and of raised or elevated beaches on land. Raised beaches are remnants of former coastlines at higher levels relative to the present shoreline and visible, for instance, along the Californian coast north of San Francisco. The height of a raised beach above the present shoreline, however, does not generally give a straightforward indication of the height of a former sea level. In the majority of cases, the beaches lie at a higher level because the land has been raised up through isostatic uplift or tectonic movement. Isostatic uplift of the land occurs when the weight of ice is removed as temperatures rise, as at the end of an ice age; it has affected coastlines, for example, in Scandinavia, Scotland, Alaska, and Newfoundland during the postglacial period. Tectonic movements involve displacements in the plates that make up Earth’s crust. Middle and Late Pleistocene raised beaches in the Mediterranean are one instance of such movements.

  1. According to paragraph 3, which of following causes an isostatic uplift? (TPO49-1)

  A Shifts in Earth's crust.

  B A decrease in the pressure of thick ice sheets.

  C A decrease in temperature.

  D Changes in sea level.

  分析：用題干 isostatic uplift 進行定位并注意題目問的是原因，發現在段落中間偏下位置 “In the majority of cases, the beaches lie at a higher level because the land has been raised up through isostatic uplift or tectonic movement” 中第一次出現了題干定位詞，但是沒有講原因，排除該處信息，繼續往下看發現下一句 “Isostatic uplift of the land occurs when the weight of ice is removed as temperatures rise……” 講到 the weight of ice is removed (冰減少)導致 isostatic uplift 跟題目意思吻合，直接看選項，B說厚冰蓋壓力減少跟文中冰減少同義替換，選B.

  Information on past climates is of primary relevance to archaeology because of what it tells us about the effects on the land and on the resources that people needed to survive. The most crucial effect of climate was on the sheer quantity of land available in each period, measurable by studying ancient coastlines. These have changed constantly through time, even in relatively recent periods, as can be seen from the Neolithic stone circle of Er Lannic, in Brittany, France (once inland but now half submerged on an island) or medieval villages in east Yorkshire, England, that have tumbled into the sea in the last few centuries as the North Sea gnaws its way westward and erodes the cliffs.Conversely, silts deposited by rivers sometimes push the sea farther back, creating new land, as at Ephesus in western Turkey, a port on the coast in Roman times but today some five kilometers inland.

  2. According to paragraph 1, the city of Ephesus in western Turkey is an example of which of the following? (TPO49-1)

  A Recent changes in the shoreline that have resulted in the creation of new land.

  B Port cities that have lost shoreline due to the erosion of land.

  C The ocean's role in the formation of new land.

  D The importance of changes in shoreline to cities located inland.

  分析：用題干 Ephesus 和 western Turkey 大寫地點詞進行定位，發現在段落末尾句子 “Conversely, silts deposited by rivers sometimes push the sea farther back, creating new land, as at Ephesus in western Turkey, a port on the coast in Roman times but today some five kilometers inland.” 中說 silts 導致 new land，而 new land 就是 Ephesus in western Turkey，選A.

  第二類：常規定位沒法直接解題

  需要整段理解

  Although there was no competition between the technologies, there was rivalry between nations. The Italians made energetic and successful efforts to catch up with Germany. Their most successful scriptorium quickly imported two leading German printers to set up presses in their book-producing shop. German printers had the disadvantage of working with the complex typeface that the Italians sneeringly referred to as "Gothic" and that later became known as black letter. Outside Germany, readers found this typeface disagreeable. The Italians, on the other hand, had a clear typeface known as roman that became the type of the future.

  Hence, although the Germans made use of the paper revolution to introduce movable type, the Italians went far to regain the initiative by their artistry. By 1500 there were printing firms in 60 German cities, but there were 150 presses in Venice alone. However, since many nations and governments wanted their own presses, the trade quickly became international. The cumulative impact of this industrial spread was spectacular. Before printing, only the very largest libraries, of which there were a dozen in Europe, had as many as 600 books. The total number of books on the entire Continent was well under 100,000. But by 1500, after only 45 years of the printed book, there were 9 million in circulation.

  According to paragraph 4 and 5, how did German and Italian contributions to the printing industry differ? (TPO49-2)

  A German printers originated and applied a technique that Italian printers adapted more artistically.

  B German printers mass-produced books, while Italian printers produced fewer books of better quality.

  C German printers used only black typeface, while Italian printers used a variety of typeface colors and styles.

  D German printers had greater technological skill, while Italian printers wee more commercially successful.

  分析：嘗試用 German，Italian 和 printing industry 進行定位，結果發現兩段都在講 Germany 和 Italy 在 printing industry 上的競爭，只能把2段話全部看完，第4段主要講 German printers 和 Italian printers 在 printing 上面的競爭，其中 German printers 是先驅， Italian printers 是模仿者，但是 German printers的typeface比Italian printers 的 typeface 要落后。第5段主要講，正是由于 typeface 上的進步， Italian printing 發展好于 German printing ，比如意大利的出版社多于德國等等。綜合2段有用的跟題目相關的信息，選A.

  分析完了托福閱讀考試出現比重最大的詞匯題和細節題，你會發現即便是解決同一類題目，你在實際答題的時候還是需要做一些解題思路上的調整。

  備考建議

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  最后，涯叔在這里給各位參加托福考試的考生一些備考建議：

  1. 做好隨時遇到加試或多套題的準備，平時練習的時候多嘗試3篇一塊練習甚至4篇一塊練習;

  2. 多記憶單詞，多翻譯長難句，提高自身的英語功底以不變應萬變;

  3. 多在模考軟件上練習TPO模擬真實的考試場景，保持一種良好的答題狀態;

  4. 考前一天一定要早點休息，為之后的真考儲存好夠用的能量。

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